Bitcoin address reuse leaves 4.33M BTC with exposed public keys
Glassnode reports 4.33M BTC (21.5% of supply) held in reused addresses, exposing public keys. Total exposed BTC reaches 6.26M (31.2%) due to reuse and structural issues. Exchanges hold 1.79M BTC under visible keys, with exposure rates varying by platform. Satoshi Nakamoto's 1.10M BTC are also exposed.
How this was made

The 30-second read
Why it matters
The data suggests heightened security risk for holders and exchanges, possibly affecting market sentiment.
Market read
New exposure metrics could influence risk perception and trading behavior in Bitcoin and related crypto assets.
What to watch
Potential for rapid migration to fresh addresses could mitigate risk quickly.
Background
On‑chain analysis from Glassnode reveals a record level of Bitcoin held in reused addresses, exposing public keys.
Ticker impact
Glassnode reports 4.33M BTC in reused addresses, exposing 21.5% of supply and raising security concerns.
likely downside pressure as market prices in heightened security risk
New data shows a significant rise in exposed supply, which could trigger sell‑offs or reduced demand.
Market effects
Highlights security risks for crypto custodians and exchanges, may spur tighter storage practices.
Global, as Bitcoin is a worldwide asset.
Moderate, given Bitcoin's influence on broader crypto markets.
Counterpoint
Some may see the exposure as already priced in, limiting price impact.
Key entities
- Research FirmGlassnode
Provider of on‑chain analytics publishing the exposure figures.
- ExchangeCoinbase
Cited as having ~10% of its Bitcoin holdings exposed.
- ExchangeBinance
Cited as having ~83% of its Bitcoin holdings exposed.



